Correlation of Mycoplasma genitalium infection with semen parameters and sperm DNA integrity in male infertility patients / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the relationship of Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) infection with routine semen parameters and sperm DNA integrity in male infertility patients.@*METHODS@#Totally, 114 semen samples, 34 MG-positive and 80 MG-negative, were collected from male infertility patients and subjected to routine semen analysis with the computer-assisted sperm analysis system, Papanicolaou staining for observation of sperm morphology, and sperm chromatin diffusion (SCD) test for detection of sperm DNA integrity. Semen parameters and DNA integrity were compared between the MG-positive and MG-negative groups with SPSS 21.0 statistical software and the relationship between the semen parameters and DNA integrity analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.@*RESULTS@#The MG-positive samples, compared with the MG-negative ones, showed significantly decreased semen volume (［2.87 ± 0.37］ vs ［3.86 ± 0.43］ ml, P 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#MG infection may be an important factor affecting sperm quality in male infertility patients. Active prevention and treatment of MG infection can help prevent male infertility.

Mycoplasmas y anticuerpos anti-Chlamydia en semen de hombres infértiles y su relación con la calidad seminal y los marcadores de glándulas sexuales accesorias masculinas / Mycoplasmas and antibodies anti-Chlamydia in semen of infertile men and their relationship with seminal quality and markers of male accessory sex glands

La infertilidad masculina puede deberse a inflamación o infección del tracto genital entre otras causas. En el problema de la infertilidad masculina pueden estar implicadas las glándulas sexuales accesorias y la función espermática. En este trabajo se trata de asociar los gérmenes más frecuentes en semen de hombres infértiles incluyendo Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis y Ureaplasma urealyticum con las características seminales, y los niveles de fructosa, ácido cítrico y a-glucosidasa neutra como marcadores de las glándulas sexuales accesorias masculinas. La detección de los anticuerpos indicó que C. trachomatis fue el germen de mayor prevalencia. Los anticuerpos (Acs) anti-Chlamydia, Mycoplasma hominis y Ureaplasma urealyticum se asociaron con descenso de los marcadores glandulares fructosa y a-glucosidasa. Por otra parte se observó aumento del pH y leucocitospermia en los pacientes con Acs anti-Chlamydia. La evaluación microbiológica y la bioquímica del semen orientarían más sobre la propagación de la infección y permitiría seleccionar la terapia más efectiva. Se observó que es importante la evaluación microbiológica y de los marcadores de glándulas accesorias sexuales masculinas en el semen para diagnosticar y tratar las infecciones masculinas.

Male infertility may be due to inflammation or infection of the genital tract among other causes. Male accessory sex glands and sperm function may also be involved in the problem of infertility. This study tries to associate the most frequent bacteria in semen of infertile men including Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum with the seminal characteristics and levels of fructose, citric acid and a-neutral glucosidase as markers of the accessory glands. Detection of antibodies anti Chlamydia trachomatis indicated that it was the most prevalent germ. Antibodies (Ab) anti-Chlamydia, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum were associated with a decrease of the glandular markers fructose and a-neutral glucosidase. On the other hand, there were increased pH and leukocytospermia in men positive for antibodies anti-Chlamydia. Microbiological and biochemical evaluation of semen could orient more about the spread of infection and allow for the selection of the most effective therapy. We find that microbiological and glandular accessory markers assessments in semen are important to diagnose and to treat infections.

Impact of infection on the secretory capacity of the male accessory glands

INTRODUCTION: Studies that compare the impact of different infectious entities of the male reproductive tract (MRT) on the male accessory gland function are controversial. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Semen analyses of 71 patients with proven infections of the MRT were compared with the results of 40 healthy non-infected volunteers. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to their diagnosis: chronic prostatitis NIH type II (n = 38), chronic epididymitis (n = 12), and chronic urethritis (n = 21). RESULTS: The bacteriological analysis revealed 9 different types of microorganisms, considered to be the etiological agents, isolated in different secretions, including: urine, expressed prostatic secretions, semen and urethral smears: E. Coli (n = 20), Klebsiella (n = 2), Proteus spp. (n = 1), Enterococcus (n = 20), Staphylococcus spp. (n = 1), M. tuberculosis (n = 2), N. gonorrhea (n = 8), Chlamydia tr. (n = 16) and, Ureaplasma urealyticum (n = 1). The infection group had significantly (p < 0.05) lower: semen volume, alpha-glucosidase, fructose, and zinc in seminal plasma and, higher pH than the control group. None of these parameters was sufficiently accurate in the ROC analysis to discriminate between infected and non-infected men. CONCLUSION: Proven bacterial infections of the MRT impact negatively on all the accessory gland function parameters evaluated in semen, suggesting impairment of the secretory capacity of the epididymis, seminal vesicles and prostate. These findings were associated with an infectious related significant increase of semen pH. None of the semen parameters evaluated can be suggested as a diagnostic tool for infection.

Correlation between asymptomatic urethritis with bacteriospermia in seminal plasma of fertile and infertile men

Urogenital infection can influence the fertilization potential of the spermatozoa, which may lead to male infertility. The symptomatic urethiritis can change the semen parameters, however the role of asymptomatic urethirtis in fertility is still obscure. In this descriptive investigation, a total of 148 samples from urethra and semen of fertile as well as 146 samples from urethra and semen of infertiles men were examined for the presence of 5 bacterial species including streptococcus group A., Entercoccus, E.coli, coagulase positive and negative Staphylococcus. The rate of infection of urethra and semen of fertile men were 49.22% and 29.05%, respectively. The aforementioned rates were 34.9% and 60.27% for infertile men. The seminal infection was significantly different between two groups of fertile and infertile [p < 0.01]. The results showed that the most common pathogen in semen of fertile and infertile men was Entrococcus with prevalence of 32.60% [14 cases], and 42% [37 cases], respectively. A total of 90 out of 131 samples contaminated with bacteria showed high rate of Leuckocytes [pyospermia]. The remaining 41 infected samples lacked or had low number of leuckocytes. In conclusion, bacteriospermia is significantly higher in seminal samples of infertile than fertile men [p < 0.01]. Therefore, the pathogens involved in urethritis may be involved in male infertility. In addition, seminal culture is necessary for detection of bacteria presence in the semen, and thus it is important to note that presence or absence of Leukocyte in semen may not represent the urogenital infection

Chlamydia and fertility

Chlamydia trachomatis infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease all around the world. For a long time, Chlamydia trachomatis has been recognized as the common cause of urethritis, cervicitis, and other complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease [PID], ectopic pregnancy, etc. However, today there is more concern on its role in male and female fertility and infertility and many studies have concentrated on this issue all over the world. There is good evidence based on seroepidemiologic studies on relationship between serum Chlamydial antibodies and infertility due to tubal factor in women with or without PID. However, there are many questions about Chlamydia trachomatis and its influence on IVF outcome and the exsisting information is controversial. The impact of Chlamydia trachomatis on male infetility is under investigation and it seems able to cause destruction of different parts of male genital tract in addition to high rate of transmission to women. With regard to these data, it seems that prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of Chlamydial infections are importart and cost effective

Improvement of semen quality in infected asymptomatic infertile male after bacteriological cure

Bacteriological etiology was investigated in 29 infected asymptomatic infertile males. The localization of the infection and the effect of a long term antibiotic therapy on semen parameters were evaluated. The most frequent etiological agent isolated was Enterococcus faecalis. Positive bacteriological culture was obtained in prostatic fluid in 16 patients and in semen in 13. Bacteriological cure was achieved in 24 cases and it was associated with improved seminal parameters: sperm concentration, motility, viability and total motile sperm per ejaculate. In 5 patients without bacteriological cure there was no change in semen analysis after antibiotic therapy. In 45 percent of the infected patients there were less than 0.5 x 10(6)/ml seminal polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In view of these findings granulocyte concentration seems to be a poor marker to predict infection.

Streptococcus agalactiae en varones que acuden a una clínica de infertilidad. Manifestaciones clínicas y seminales / Streptococcus agalactiae in males attent to infertility clinic. Clinical and seminal manifestations

Objetivo. Evaluar la participación de la infección por S agalactiae (SGB) en varones que acuden a una clínica de infertilidad. Material y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de los aislamientos de SGB obtenidos en líquido seminal de parejas que acudieron en un período de 11 meses, a la clínica de esterilidad e infertilidad del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología. A todos los pacientes se les realizó espermatobioscopía y urocultivo además de examen general de orina. Resultados. Se obtuvieron 381 cultivos de líquido seminal de los cuales se identificaron siete pacientes con aislamiento de SGB, cuatro mostraban epidídimo engrosado y/o doloroso y tres adenopatía inguinal. Solo uno mostró sintomatología vesical y dos mostraron goteo terminal. Los serotipos de SGB identificados en líquido seminal mostraron una frecuencia similar a la que se ha informado en aislamientos cervico-vaginales de mujeres mexicanas embarazadas, predominando el serotipo I en 4 de 7 pacientes y el serotipo III solo en uno. Ninguno de los pacientes mostró hematuria microscópica. En tres pacientes el urocultivo mostró un aumento bacteriano inferior a las 100,00 unidades formadoras de colonias/mL. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos clínicos y paraclínicos en esta serie de casos apoy la posibilidad de enfermedad genital en varones por SGB

Infecçäo das glândulas anexas e infertilidade / Anexed glandulas infection and infertility

Estas consideraçöes foram baseadas nas experiências vividas no Ambulatório de Esterilidade Conjugal - Setor Masculino - do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeiräo Preto da Universidade de Säo Paulo, com a colaboraçäo dos Departamentos de Citologia, Bacteriologia e Radiologia da mesma escola. Anamnese cuidados, rigoroso exame físico com atençäo especial aos genitais, análise hormonal e espermograma foram realizados em todos os pacientes. A infecçäo do trato seminal constitui importânte face da Andrologia, uma vez que corresponde, juntamente com a infecçäo geniturinária, à mais comum das doenças do homem. É sumamente importante o conhecimento do panorama geral das infecçöes genitais tanto do homem como da mulher, uma vez que temos que os considerar como unidade, sob o ponto de vista da fertilidade e da sua epidemiologia. O conceito de infecçäo seminal é definido com base no número de leucócitos encontrado no ejaculado. Ressaltamos a importância epidemiológica de agentes considerados saprófitas, que passam a agir patologicamente. A punçäo-biopsia aspirativa transretal da próstata é utilizada como método de investigaçäo e complementaçäo diagnóstica